Marketing Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Showcasing - Research Proposal Example The credit crunch as of now being experienced gives a chance to a comprehension of its impact on purchaser conduct. This learning will permit showcasing to work out procedures to work effectively in business sectors, where there is a scarcity of credit. Such methodologies could incorporate giving substantial incentive to brands and valuing and advancement procedures in a market where there is a scarcity of credit. Lenard, 2008 proposes that during scarcity of credit, buyers will in general compare cost and brand. As it were in the credit crunch have made customers overly sensitive to cost and this gives a chance to build up an evaluating procedure that benefits from this excessive touchiness of shoppers to cost. Less of brand advancement and a greater amount of serious estimating might be the prerequisite in such a promoting procedure (Lenard, 2008). Why has value become such a predominant factor in buyer conduct? Indeed, even preceding the acknowledge crunch compensation as a portion of national salary has been demonstrating a descending pattern throughout the most recent three decades raising the degree of the impact of cost on buy choices. The credit crunch has increased this impact of cost on buy choice (Harman, 2008). High worth capital merchandise are among the principal spots to feel the effect of credit crunch. This can be found in the changed conduct in vehicle buys in the United Kingdom, fuelled by the more significant expenses of petroleum and the credit crunch. In the United Kingdom new vehicle enlistments fell by 21.8% in September 2008 (Committee on Climate Change, 2008). Buyer conduct response has affected high worth capital merchandise, yet pretty much every item and administration. For right around fifty years customers were given an overflow of credit that empowered them to buy with the insignificant impact of cost. The credit crunch changed all that in that it started downturn in the UK in the last quarter of 2008, which prompted an expansion in

One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest By Ken Kesey Essays -

One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest By Ken Kesey One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest by Ken Kesey For this quarters book report I decide to peruse a book that was not on the rundowns given to me. I picked One Flew Over the Cuckoos home since I felt that it would be a fascinating book with loads of relative topics to what I have experienced, and what I will experience. Not truly as much metaphorically. As I originally began to peruse the book I figured it would be simply one more anecdote about crazy people in a Mental Institution with no assistance for fix. As I read the book I found that it really kept my consideration and was charming. I discovered the full importance of the expression ?don't pass judgment superficially.? As I read the story I was keen on Kesey's thought processes behind composing such a book so I did a little research. I discovered that the motivation for One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest really originated from work that he did in a Sanitarium conversing with the patients and the staff. Likewise all through the book he utilized images of the 1960's altogether all through. Images of disobedience and of singularity. These are generally obvious in the on going contentions of Nurse Ratched and Randal McMurphy. The whole book is described by a half indian patient of ten years, that professes to be hard of hearing and quiet so as not to cause to notice himself. He, alongside numerous others, is viewed as an interminable, a patient who has no expectation for recuperating, while some others are viewed as acutes, patients who have trust in recuperation. The substantial connection to the sixties in this book is clear to me in that each character speaks to a specific part of the sixties populace. The hipsters, oppressors, and the individuals who stood apart from the group to have any kind of effect. The hipsters are best show through the characters of the patients that are viewed as ceaseless. I think this in light of the fact that, right me in case I'm off-base, yet individuals may have considered the to be as individuals who were too high to even think about doing anything and there was no desire at all for any of them later on. Characters, for example, the lifeguard, Martini, Colonel Matterson (who continues discussing past war encounters day and night), Ruckly, Sandy Gilfilliam, and Candy Star (the two whores). The Oppressors are best spoken to by Warren, Washington, Williams, and Geever; who were totally recruited due to their cold-bloodedness. Medical attendant Ratched is presumably the most impressive case of this class. She is a previous Army Nurse who accepts that preeminent force is the main force and hence she controls her ward with an iron clench hand. Ultimately the individuals who attempt to have any kind of effect are best appeared through the character of Randal McMurphy. He was moved to the Mental Institution since he claimed to be insane at a work ranch cause he figured it would be simpler at the asylum. He is the perfect rascal who can get anybody to tail him. He first begins by empowering the betting for more than matches, which is contrary to Ratched's standards, lastly winds up empowering insubordination, at its most significant level, against the Ward staff. Over this book was a great book. The book all in all is an exceptionally strange book and it required some investment to get past it because of re-perusing to ensure I got it all the first run through around. Despite the fact that it isn't for everyone I would prescribe individuals to understand it. Book Reports

Impact of Social Media on Privacy - 1100 Words

Impact of Social Media on Privacy (Essay Sample) Content: Impact of Social Media on Privacy Student's Name Institution Introduction By thriving on inherent human need for communication and socialisation, Social Networking sites (SNSs), have seen an explosion in popularity unparalleled to any web application in history, to develop into a human culture and how society interacts in today's world. Hence, SNSs have become a platform not just for general population, but also for governments, famous personalities to connect and expression opinions on anything that one might be of interest to them. With user base over 600 billion, Facebook has emerged to be the most widely used SNS ever (Cha, 2010). Huge user base has created host of data and information pertaining to every individual registered with Facebook and many other online SNSs. For example, personal information like contact details, age, location, academic qualification are some key information which every user shares it with large degree of openness. Unfortunately, such personal information have become the target for data broker companies and other third party operators. Without careful considering, by an overwhelmingly large section of users, with regard to privacy of their information is the main reason responsible for a large pool of sensitive data that then gets compromised in one way or the other by SNSs for monetary motive. Fluctuations of privacy policy of SNSs to suit their interest has generated massive rage, especially among the older segments of the population (Taddicken, 2014). Because of SNSs, like Facebook, large user base, and large amount of personal information, they have been exploited by SNSs themselves for financial gain attempting to compromise the preconceived norms of data protection guaranteed by all the SNSs. SNSs entice people to register with them. Importantly, disclosing private information is necessary to network on such websites. Hence, understandably, such negligent behaviour by the SNSs has generated massive controversy and wide ranging debate over the suitability of such forums as a means of engaging in both a public and private way. Hence, it would not be wrong to assert that personal privacy related to information used to register in SNSs has suffered as a result of it (Sattikar Kulkarni, 2011). Positive Aspects of Social Networking There are a number of unique advantages associated with SNSs. As a convenient stage of expressing oneself, it provides a sense of independence, and easily incites any literate individual to be part of it. Further, people can easily vent their anger on an issue that might not be possible on a personal level. Further, SNSs is an increasing need of today's fast paced life, which makes keeping in touch with friends other very difficult. Therefore, by being on the friend's list, an individual can keep knowing about the person which will be difficult otherwise. However, since information provided can be viewed by everyone, so, such a prospect inevitably leads to doubts over privacy concerns over things shared openly (Cha, 2010). Mark Zuckerberg admission in 2010 that since individuals are now more comfortable with public display of their personal data continues to generate massive controversy. By compromising the privacy setting of its user base, such a follow up was needed to defend company's action. Found to be selling user's information to advertisers and other third parties just reveals how grave the situation is for users. Therefore, it is essential to take all steps forward to maintain the sanctity of users' data (Taddicken, 2014). Social Networking Sites: A threat to Personal Privacy Point 1 of the Claim Sustaining of personal integrity with reference to any issues or matter without being inhibited by external forces, including individual and organizations, refers to privacy. Community Websites are the most susceptible because of high prevalence of sharing of contact and other private information. Therefore, therefore, increases the susceptibility of such platforms and raises severe serious doubts as benign nature of individuals registered in the community (Das Sahoo, 2012). A 2010 research by Max Plank Institute disclosed that algorithm created for analysing the personal traits of the person based on information that are most often left public, for instance, number of friends, educational attainment, hometown, etc. was operative enough to be applicable by data broker companies (Taddicken, 2014). Opportunistic behaviour may include a range of actions taken by others who use or misuse an individual's personal information, for example, identity theft, social engineering to extract one's financial information, and spam (Sattikar Kulkarni, 2011). With the proliferation of internet, we believe an important factor that contributes to shaping the individual's internet privacy is his or her level of internet literacy. Lack of systematic research on how various social attributes contributes to lack of faith in sharing private information is a concern. But, there is a growing evidence that suggests that the concern of users to manage the secrecy of their information has definitely increased over time (Chewae, Hayikader, Hasan Ibrahim, 2015). Point 2 of the Claim Facebook's profile usage replicates behaviour similar to tribal population, wherein the user's identity status depends exclusively on the quantity and quality of friends on one's friend's list (Utz, Kramer, 2009). The personal information of the user determines how the user will use his identity to interact with individuals. Research conducted by Amanda and Mary reinforce social norms and attitude that accompanies gender difference. For females, SNSs is tool that rejuvenates their previous relationships. On the other hand, boys have been found to notorious with SNSs and try to indulge in activities not appropriate, for instance, flirting with females and harassment of other individuals, etc. (Utz, Kramer, 2009). Therefore, discreditable elements might use it as a platform to tarnish other's image. Therefore, personal privacy, if it gets into the hands of unwanted individuals could have serious repercussions. A recent survey in the year 2013 conducted by Pew reveals that apprehension over the confidentiality of personal information has gone up to 50% as against 30% in the year 2009 (Blank, Bolsover, Dubois, 2014). Point 3 of the Claim Ironically, the behaviour patterns of users of SNSs do seem to corroborate their apprehension of privacy with respect to their information. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Privacy Paradox,' as this is called possibly emanates from lack of understanding and/or awareness on how to protect their secluded material. The blatant revealing of personal data by younger generation and, at the same time, the constant struggle of older generation to safeguard of the sanctity of personal data have led to an emergence of privacy paradox between them. This apparent non convergence of views can rightly be labelled as generational split (Molluzo, Lawler Doshi, 2012). Extensive rage over U.S. National Security Administration's admission of collecting data and other details of its citizens through their use of SNSs has generated debated on the media with activists arguing that citizen's personal information cannot be misuse...

Bismuth Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements

Essay on The Use of Steroids in Major League Baseball

The Use of Steroids in Major League Baseball He walked into his hotel bathroom and cautiously closed the door. Clanging his 60 lb. dumbbell against the floor, he set his travel bag full of needles on the counter. While filling his syringe with THG, he began to think about the consequences of his actions; it is a serious problem, but he doesnt have the willpower to give up the success rewarded from it. As the needle slowly penetrated through the skin and half way through his muscle, he unloaded the syringe and felt the steroids settle throughout his leg. He took a deep breath as he removed the needle, letting the last bit of steroids squirt out of the syringe. Mentally blocking the pain, he began curling his dumbbell to pump the†¦show more content†¦When the steroid scandal heightened and the talk of drug testing began, it is apparent that Giambi got scared and stopped his steroid problem. When Giambi reported to spring training this year, he came in with a sunken in face and weighed 20 pounds less, which is an occurren ce that happens when an athlete discontinues his steroid cycle. Steroids are becoming a huge problem in Major League Baseball. Records in the past, such as the single season home run record, were set by people who were truly amazing athletes and achieved their record from hard work and dedication. From 1966 through 1994, two players hit at least 50 or more home runs. Since 1995, 18 players have reached 50. Roger Maris single-season record of 61 home runs stood for 27 years and has been surpassed six times since 1998. Morals in baseball have been lost; whatever happened to achieving greatness with the talents God had given them? Now players are chemically making themselves stronger so that they can make record books, and they are ruining their bodies as well as the competition to do it. Players now have to start juicin up just to contend with the competition. The NBA, NFL, NCAA, and Olympics all ban steroids, and it is coming to the day where baseball needs too as well (Caminiti). Well, what are steroids? Where did they come from? And how do they make someone so muchShow MoreRelatedThe Illegal Steroid Use in The Major League Baseball1355 Words   |  6 Pagestake a look and study the illegal steroid use in Major League Baseball, and possible ways it can be exempt from the game forever. Use of performance enhancing drugs is cheating and causes inequalities, in which new repercussions should be implemented. These new rules should include a zero tolerance level, records stripped and not being rewarded of their accomplishments; which is to include banishment from an admittance into the Hall of Fame. Furthermore, it causes major health concerns and could endRead More Steroid Use in Major League Baseball Essay1272 Words   |  6 PagesSteroid Use in Major League Baseball Why Major League Baseball players would use steroids is the biggest question that every person in the world wants to know. I think MLB players use steroids so they can bulk up and get stronger, which will allow them to last through the long, seven-month season. I think that because they play 162 games a year during these seven months that this causes a great deal of wear and tear on their bodies. Especially if a player gets hurt, they might try to takeRead More Steroid Use in Major League Baseball Essay example1596 Words   |  7 PagesSteroid Use in Major League Baseball Steroids are unhealthy for baseball players and they are giving the game of baseball a bad reputation. Since steroids have become such a hot topic in Major League Baseball (MLB) fans have had nothing but bad things to say about the sport and its players. When sports illustrated asked some of its readers to give reaction to the steroid controversy in the MLB here is what baseball fan Howard Langsner from New York had to say Horrible, just horrible. We takeRead MoreSpeech On Steroids And Major League Baseball1638 Words   |  7 Pagesin Major League history. However, this record is controversial, due to steroid use. B. Thesis: Today I am going to persuade you all about the use of steroids in Major League Baseball, persuading you why steroids should not be allowed in Major League Baseball. I have a call to action for all of you to help others if they are considering using steroids, and next time you watch a MLB game to realize the impact of steroids. C. Credibility: Gave my informative speech on Steroids in Major League BaseballRead MoreSteroids Abuse in Baseball1746 Words   |  7 PagesSteroid Abuse Hurts Baseball The abuse of steroids among players in Major League Baseball is corrupting the image of Americas Pastime as well as endangering the health of those who use the illegal substances. The lack of testing and punishment for the use of illegal substances like steroids in the Major Leagues portrays a negative image to aspiring young athletes. They see their role models using steroids and becoming better athletes rather than seeing suspensions for the illegal behavior orRead More Steroid Abuse Hurts Baseball Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesSteroid Abuse Hurts Baseball   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The abuse of steroids among players in Major League Baseball is corrupting the image of America?s Pastime as well as endangering the health of those who use the illegal substances. The lack of testing and punishment for the use of illegal substances like steroids in the Major Leagues portrays a negative image to aspiring young athletes. They see their role models using steroids and becoming better athletes rather than seeing suspensions for the illegal behaviorRead MoreSteroids : Steroids And Steroids1162 Words   |  5 Pagessomething about Baseball that is just astonishing. Most people in the world have grown up baseball in their life, and families share the love for the sport throughout generations. However, there are also people that overlook baseball because of one thing: steroids. The Steroid Era has caused a lot of problems with baseball; it has hurt it so much to this current day. Since the steroid era started, there was a huge boost from the offensive si de. Everyone who had a love for baseball enjoyed the offensiveRead MoreThe Effect of Steriods in Major League Baseball Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesBaseball is known as America’s pastime and is one of the most popular, respected sports on earth. Since the beginning of the sport, it seemingly advances with technology every year making faster and stronger players. The use of steroids became rampant and spread among players and has carried them away from the true history of the game they play. Controversy still today runs around the sport today about fines, punishments and record breaking. The past two decades of Major League Baseball have beenRead MoreEssay about Media Sports: How did Baseball get Affected by Steroids?1246 Words   |  5 Pagesways. This can be seen in America’s national pastime baseball. Baseball is a sport that became the national sport in the United States in the late 19th century. From the beginning of the sport they tried to keep the highes t standards to each player and ball club. There were times of scandal, but of all the things that happen to baseball substance abuse has been portrayed as one of the worst thing a player could do. To defame the baseball was to ruin everything the sport stood for. This researchRead More A Baseball Proposal Essay1574 Words   |  7 PagesA Baseball Proposal Ever since the creation of Americas favorite pastime, baseball, cheating has been an integral part of the game. Each era of baseball has offered new and improved techniques for cheating the game of baseball. Cheating has become a common occurrence in baseball, from the 1919 Chicago Black

Use of Geographical Information Systems

Question: Describe about use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in the promotion of a more sustainable future. Answer: Introduction The aim of this paper is to critically assess and evaluate the role of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to support and promote sustainable and renewable energy resources. For this purpose, the study particularly focuses on GIS-based wind power and energy resources. Due to the significant challenges faced by humankind in the areas of high-energy consumption and supply of energy, the world is responding with various efforts to sustain energy sources for future use, and experimenting with methods to cultivate renewable energy sources (Beccali et al. 2015). People all across the world are looking for fruitful methods and ways for sustaining themselves in the use of the major energy sources such as solar, hydro, wind, biomass and geothermal energy. In addition to the high level of risk associated with energy consumption and supply, the world is also facing tremendous challenges for producing smarter, cleaner and greater conscientious techniques for producing, transmitting and distri buting energy. The role of Geographical Information Systems or GIS comes into vital play in terms of sustaining these energy sources (Calderon et al. 2015). This is because GIS has significant potential to not only improve the methods of producing and distributing energy, but it also has the ability to change the way the humankind is looking at the earths energy resources. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) GIS is a type of computer software that helps linking descriptive information with geographic information for making better decisions based about geographic locations (Bonham-Carter 2014). The capabilities of GIS enables to visualize, analyze, question and interpret information intended to represent the important patterns, relationships, and trends in a clear and concise manner. To be more precise, GIS organizes the geographical information to enable the user read a map and accordingly select the necessary information as required for a specific project. For this purpose, the GIS processes geographical information collected from a number of sources for integrating them to a map project (Dvorak et al. 2013). The basic technical concept based on which a GIS functions, is by understanding the associations between people and the geographic locations and thereby making better, more informed and intelligent decisions. Thus, GIS serves as an interactive, efficient and useful tool in the diff erent fields of knowledge, whose application ranges from performing routine works to exploring scientific complexities around the world, giving geographic advantage to be better at productivity, providing opportunities to be more aware and responsive people living in our planet earth. The benefits and uses of GIS as a tool Developing the wind energy projects essentially depends on a thorough analysis of the issues and constraints regarding land use (Aydin et al. 2013). The role of GIS involves in defining the accurate locations of the appropriate and suitable sites for wind power projects, along with performing predictions regarding their economic exploitable energy production. Customized GIS tool can effectively calculate the average estimation for AEP or Annual Energy Production using anthropological and environmental constraints. These physical factors are considered for efficiently estimating the wind technical specifications and resource distribution of the large-scale wind turbines (Lopez et al. 2012). GIS assisted methods are increasingly becoming popular for locating wind farms in the United Kingdom (UK). Employing the GIS specifically follows a methodology involving the development and specification of WFLC or Wind Farm Location Criteria, based on some constraints and factors. Using the GIS fo r implementing these WFLC involves creation of the map layers that corresponds to the individual constraint criterion (Neteler and Mitasova 2013). The GIS then operates on these map projects for storing as well as allocating weights to the different layers and attributes (with the aid of reclassification and buffer generation techniques). The following reasons have been identified for the well suitability and adequate potential of GIS systems in the process of locating wind farms: GIS is capable of managing, visualizing and analyzing the high volumes of diversified and multidisciplinary information and data that is required by the particular application. The GIS systems are able to perform and analyze the varied scenarios that are useful for evaluating the different planning policies and their effects, selecting the most suitable approach as well as finding the optimum site or location of the wind farm from the alternative potential sites (Yeo and Yee 2014). GIS is useful for the modeling impacts of the proposed sites as well as the operational sites and thereby, suggesting modifications for minimizing them. Therefore, it is significantly obvious from the points discussed above that GIS has a great potential in this specific area or field, even more as both UK (United Kingdom) and EU (European Union) has been recently experiencing significant indications regarding the increase in the demand for wind farms (Quantum 2013). The application of GIS in waterfront regeneration and offshore wind farm development projects essentially helps see the beneficial role of GIS in information integration and building coastal knowledge, governance, design and planning (Mellino and Ulgiati 2015). GIS is proved to have a major role in integrating, collecting and analyzing information for visualization and facilitating effective communication among stakeholders and decision makers. Studies have been conducted that develops a decision support tool for selection of sites or location of wind power turbines using fuzzy decision-making technique in the GIS environment. The technical stages essentially involved the initial stage to perform exclusion of infeasible sites by generating several map layer outputs that are taken from the National Atlas GIS database developed by the USGS (United States Geological Survey). To be more specific, the uses and advantages of GIS in the mapping of renewable energy project planning are significant in the employment of GIS methods and compare suitability of different locations for a project (e.g. development of wind farms or wind turbines). GIS mapping helps adding datasets to the geographic baseline map. Hence, it plays a critical role in the making of renewable energy projects (Grassi, Junghans and Raubal 2014). The datasets (includes various technological, theoretical and economical potential) of the renewable energies with respect to the individual alternative locations are routinely published by the non-governmental, governmental and commercial agencies. Using this GIS mapping policy makers can compare the spatial variables directly and effectively corresponding to the individual locations for deciding the most appropriate location for the development of renewable energy project. The working of geographical information system (GIS) examines the spatial information for solving problems using computer software and hardware (Grassi, Chokani and Abhari 2012). There are various analytical tools that can be used by geographical information system but the tool that GIS uses for finding the wind energy is Mass GIS and it is a wind energy large scale site screening tool (Mentis et al. 2015). This tool is used to check the places that can be used to set up the wind energy plant by analyzing the area and its wind speed. The main consideration is in the area of surface wind data, the coastal are wind data, the upper air data and the marine area wind data. These factors are considered and checked thoroughly before starting the project as it is mandatory to check these scales for implementing the wind energy plant (Houshyar et al. 2014). There are various tools available for the deployment of wind energy but the mass GIS is the most advanced and the most preferred tool tha t is used in various wind energy industries. It is a web based tool that checks the wind energy of a particular place by creating layers for different types of wind energies and then it checks the maximum potential wind energy of a place. The geographical information system is a platform for creating different types of software that considers the geographical aspects like latitude and longitude in creating any type of web based software for finding various types of energies on earth. The software is named as Oliver and it is available in various platforms and it can effectively help in interactively display and query about the data, download the up-to-date shapes file from the database, can overlay the data in other platforms like the Google Terrain (Minelli et al. 2014). The application Oliver provides all these features that make it outstand from all other applications. The application has various data layers that incorporate in its working. The layers are ortho imagery, scanned reference maps, elevation and Bathymetry and environmental analysis. All these constitute towards the improvement of the app as it facilitates its flexibility and helps in running the app by considering all these features (Tsoutsos et al. 2015). It is a very important application and can be accessed though website also b maintaining few system hardware and software requirements. It has features that are crucial and can be used in many positive ways in the development of wind energy that constitutes towards the betterment of the environment by maintaining its sustainability. This has contributed in a lot of way for the sustainable development of the society and helps in developing it by maintaining the environment friendly prospectus of generating energy through wind (Azizi et al. 2014). The office of the geographic information the mass GIS has created a state wise database with the help of the commonwealth for spatial information of mapping and analyzing the support of environmental planning and maintaining its transparency. The use of GIS-based approaches and geospatial methods has become significantly popular in supporting and promoting the planning process of renewable energy resources. More specifically, the mapping of renewable energy resources can efficiently perform the identification of suitable location (Siyal et al. 2015). This analysis process requires advanced data to make informative decisions. A framework, for this purpose, involves GIS that finds the optimal site purely based on static geo data. Hence, it would exclude any type of dynamic geographical spatial variables, for instance, solar radiation, wind, weather conditions. Another example can be the heat network planning that considers locations and regions that intend to diversify the potential to expand DH (district heating) networks in separate areas. The economic costs related to the production of heat, transmission and distribution are required to be estimated. In relation to this context, the crucial role of GIS comes into play in which geographical component is taken into account with the help of geospatial methods. Therefore, geographical information systems (GIS) essentially play a very critical role in the process of finding out the certain boundaries to which the particular expansions are economically feasible. Another methodology introduced by (Bonham-Carter 2014) utilizes GIS and fuzzy set theory for making multi criteria decisions in order to find optimal location of a hybrid wind solar PV (photovoltaic) renewable energy project. On a similar note, (Dvorak et al. 2013) also describes another approach based on adapting a GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis for determining the suitability of new locations that have potential to generate renewable power or energy. In addition to that, this particular approach can essentially come as useful to work at the large-scale energy projects. It divides the total area or geographical reg ion into millions of cells (specifically of 100 x 100 m cells), and thereby performs computations to measure and assess the suitability of the individual cells with respect to the new location or site of renewable power generation project (Mellino and Ulgiati 2015). However, the GIS-based processes, methods and approaches can incorporate significant drawbacks that might involve the lack of capability in considering the dynamic types of spatial and temporal aspects across the individual scales, inadequacy in the ability to integrate the major topological aspects that underpins energy networks in a proper manner. Wind Resource Assessment Model or WRAM produces wind resource map (gridded) of the specific values associated with wind energy density involving a resolution of one km2. It considers multiple geographic categories such as lake coastal areas, ocean and inland areas (Minelli et al. 2014). On the other hand, terrain categories include flat (slight inclined terrains), complex (mountainous and hilly terrains) and mixed (flat and complex terrains combined) types. Therefore, the WRAM functions based on the coastal marine area data, surface wind data and upper air data. Conclusion Geography is essential in every discipline and in every organization. The paper addresses the different approaches of GIS use in the area of development of renewable energy, most specifically wind power farms and turbines. To be more precise, the methods of modeling, planning efforts associated with these approaches are researched along with their spatial awareness. Studies have significantly suggested that it is important to consider integrating the factors of time and space into the module or component of energy system for the purpose of better and clearer understanding of the spatio-temporal dynamics. It takes into consideration the availability and demand of energy, effectiveness of traditional as well as renewable / sustainable energy resources, energy storages (including decentralized storage), load patterns and capacity of energy infrastructures, economic profitability as well as ROIs (return on investments). Therefore, it is obvious that in the recent years the role of GIS ha s tremendously became increasingly significant in wind energy programs (e.g. NREL). Tools and techniques have evolved from methods developed using professional graphic output with a fewer number of GIS functionalities. Through these areas, the geographical information systems (GIS) has demonstrated its important role and appropriate value in the field of renewable energy resources, most specifically by presenting mostly static (also dynamic) geo-spatial information that helps making better and more informed decision- making activities with respect to the development of wind energy projects. Furthermore, it can be said that GIS will essentially continue to play a fundamental and ever expanding crucial role in the wind energy projects based on its ability to assess, select and evaluate site locations. References Aydin, N.Y., Kentel, E. and Duzgun, H.S., 2013. GIS-based site selection methodology for hybrid renewable energy systems: A case study from western Turkey.Energy Conversion and Management,70, pp.90-106. Azizi, A., Malekmohammadi, B., Jafari, H.R., Nasiri, H. and Parsa, V.A., 2014. Land suitability assessment for wind power plant site selection using ANP-DEMATEL in a GIS environment: case study of Ardabil province, Iran.Environmental monitoring and assessment,186(10), pp.6695-6709. Beccali, M., Galletto, J., Noto, L. and Provenza, R., 2015, November. Assessment of the technical and economic potential of offshore wind energy via a GIS application: A case study for the Sicily Region according to Italian laws and incentive frameworks. In2015 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA)(pp. 1342-1347). IEEE. Bonham-Carter, G.F., 2014.Geographic information systems for geoscientists: modelling with GIS(Vol. 13). Elsevier. Calderon, C., James, P., Urquizo, J. and McLoughlin, A., 2015. A GIS domestic building framework to estimate energy end-use demand in UK sub-city areas.Energy and Buildings,96, pp.236-250. Dvorak, M.J., Corcoran, B.A., Ten Hoeve, J.E., McIntyre, N.G. and Jacobson, M.Z., 2013. US East Coast offshore wind energy resources and their relationship to peakà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ time electricity demand.Wind Energy,16(7), pp.977-997. Grassi, S., Chokani, N. and Abhari, R.S., 2012. Large scale technical and economical assessment of wind energy potential with a GIS tool: Case study Iowa.Energy Policy,45, pp.73-85. Grassi, S., Junghans, S. and Raubal, M., 2014. Assessment of the wake effect on the energy production of onshore wind farms using GIS.Applied Energy,136, pp.827-837. Houshyar, E., SheikhDavoodi, M.J., Almassi, M., Bahrami, H., Azadi, H., Omidi, M., Sayyad, G. and Witlox, F., 2014. Silage corn production in conventional and conservation tillage systems. Part I: sustainability analysis using combination of GIS/AHP and multi-fuzzy modeling.Ecological Indicators,39, pp.102-114. Lopez, A., Roberts, B., Heimiller, D., Blair, N. and Porro, G., 2012.US renewable energy technical potentials: A GIS-based analysis. NREL. Mellino, S. and Ulgiati, S., 2015. Mapping the evolution of impervious surfaces to investigate landscape metabolism: An EmergyGIS monitoring application.Ecological Informatics,26, pp.50-59. Mentis, D., Hermann, S., Howells, M., Welsch, M. and Siyal, S.H., 2015. Assessing the technical wind energy potential in Africa a GIS-based approach.Renewable Energy,83, pp.110-125. Minelli, A., Marchesini, I., Taylor, F.E., De Rosa, P., Casagrande, L. and Cenci, M., 2014. An open source GIS tool to quantify the visual impact of wind turbines and photovoltaic panels.Environmental Impact Assessment Review,49, pp.70-78. Neteler, M. and Mitasova, H., 2013.Open source GIS: a GRASS GIS approach(Vol. 689). Springer Science Business Media. Quantum, G.I.S., 2013. Development Team, 2012. Quantum GIS geographic information system. Open source geospatial foundation project.Free Software Foundation, India. Siyal, S.H., Mortberg, U., Mentis, D., Welsch, M., Babelon, I. and Howells, M., 2015. Wind energy assessment considering geographic and environmental restrictions in Sweden: A GIS-based approach.Energy,83, pp.447-461. Tsoutsos, T., Tsitoura, I., Kokologos, D. and Kalaitzakis, K., 2015. Sustainable siting process in large wind farms case study in Crete.Renewable Energy,75, pp.474-480. Yeo, I.A. and Yee, J.J., 2014. A proposal for a site location planning model of environmentally friendly urban energy supply plants using an environment and energy geographical information system (E-GIS) database (DB) and an artificial neural network (ANN).Applied Energy,119, pp.99-117.

Meredith Kirkland Essays - Religion, Book Of Exodus, Theology

Meredith Kirkland 4-9-99 The concept of God, or any god, is one that has definite boundaries. There are many questions that arise concerning the nature of God, or even whether or not there really is one. The most common god in today's society is God, the Supreme Being worshipped by Muslims as Allah, by Jews as Yahweh, and by popular Christianity simply as God. Generally, He is thought to be in the image of humans, and in most cases of worshipping this particular deity, He is omnipotent, omniscient, and omnipresent. These beliefs, although they may be canon, are not the beliefs of every person that follows this god. There are many different ways to see and worship Him whom we will refer to simply as God. There are varied points of view on God expressed in Gloria Naylor's Mama Day, the book of Exodus in the Hebrew Bible, and St. Augustine's Confessions. Through these works, one may see several viewpoints on the same deity, prompting the question, Who is God? There is no definite answer to this query. Instead, as we will see, there are many definitions and assumptions that describe God, giving us a complicated and sometimes contradicting view of God. In Mama Day, a novel detailing the lives of a closely-knit family on the island of Willow Springs, we can see God through the eyes of Mama Day, one of the main characters. Mama Day, whose real name is Miranda, views God as a passive deity. She does not feel that God intervenes with humans as punishment or rewards humans for things that they do. This conviction is clear in the story when a hurricane is coming and Miranda's sister, Abigail, feels that she has done something to make God send a hurricane. To this Miranda responds, Abigail, stop your foolishness. All God got in mind is to send you a hurricane? It ain't got nothing to do with us, we just bystanders on this earth. Sometimes I think we was only a second thought-and a poor second thought at that (228). Even though Miranda and Abigail are sisters and were probably raised similarly, they view God in two very different ways. While Miranda's philosophy on God's lack of intervention holds strong, she does believe God to be all-powerful. This is evident when she states, The past was gone, just as gone as it could be. And only God could change the future (138). Although Miranda does not think that what people are doing on Earth will affect what God does, she does believe that in the end God will hold each person accountable for what he or she has done. This can be seen on the Island of Willow Springs where Miranda's thoughts are, That'll be her defense at Judgement: Lord, I called out three times. Miranda thinks this after she knocks on Ruby's house three times before setting her house up to get struck by lightning. This is a prime example of her theology. By preparing the house for lightning, she is controlling where the lightning goes, a feat that some people, such as her sister, would attribute to God. Had Augustine, the author of Confessions, been there he would have likely believed that God caused the lightening. Augustine, in contrast to Miranda, believed that God had a purpose in mind for everything that happens on Earth. This is apparent when Augustine proclaims, It was, then by your guidance that I was persuaded to go to Rome and teach there the subjects which I taught at Carthage (Book V, Chapter 8). Augustine goes on to state his belief that God has sent him to Rome to convert him to Christianity. This is indicative of Augustine's belief that everything that happens on Earth is God's will. This is directly contradictory to Miranda's view that is that God does not intervene with people while they are still on Earth. Augustine also depicts God as being merciful. This is clear when he refers to God as God of mercy (Book V, Chapter 9) and again when he proclaims, God, let me acknowledge your mercy from the deepest depths of my soul (Book VII, Chapter 6). Augustine sees God as h aving a purpose for everyone on Earth