Marketing Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Showcasing - Research Proposal Example The credit crunch as of now being experienced gives a chance to a comprehension of its impact on purchaser conduct. This learning will permit showcasing to work out procedures to work effectively in business sectors, where there is a scarcity of credit. Such methodologies could incorporate giving substantial incentive to brands and valuing and advancement procedures in a market where there is a scarcity of credit. Lenard, 2008 proposes that during scarcity of credit, buyers will in general compare cost and brand. As it were in the credit crunch have made customers overly sensitive to cost and this gives a chance to build up an evaluating procedure that benefits from this excessive touchiness of shoppers to cost. Less of brand advancement and a greater amount of serious estimating might be the prerequisite in such a promoting procedure (Lenard, 2008). Why has value become such a predominant factor in buyer conduct? Indeed, even preceding the acknowledge crunch compensation as a portion of national salary has been demonstrating a descending pattern throughout the most recent three decades raising the degree of the impact of cost on buy choices. The credit crunch has increased this impact of cost on buy choice (Harman, 2008). High worth capital merchandise are among the principal spots to feel the effect of credit crunch. This can be found in the changed conduct in vehicle buys in the United Kingdom, fuelled by the more significant expenses of petroleum and the credit crunch. In the United Kingdom new vehicle enlistments fell by 21.8% in September 2008 (Committee on Climate Change, 2008). Buyer conduct response has affected high worth capital merchandise, yet pretty much every item and administration. For right around fifty years customers were given an overflow of credit that empowered them to buy with the insignificant impact of cost. The credit crunch changed all that in that it started downturn in the UK in the last quarter of 2008, which prompted an expansion in

One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest By Ken Kesey Essays -

One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest By Ken Kesey One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest by Ken Kesey For this quarters book report I decide to peruse a book that was not on the rundowns given to me. I picked One Flew Over the Cuckoos home since I felt that it would be a fascinating book with loads of relative topics to what I have experienced, and what I will experience. Not truly as much metaphorically. As I originally began to peruse the book I figured it would be simply one more anecdote about crazy people in a Mental Institution with no assistance for fix. As I read the book I found that it really kept my consideration and was charming. I discovered the full importance of the expression ?don't pass judgment superficially.? As I read the story I was keen on Kesey's thought processes behind composing such a book so I did a little research. I discovered that the motivation for One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest really originated from work that he did in a Sanitarium conversing with the patients and the staff. Likewise all through the book he utilized images of the 1960's altogether all through. Images of disobedience and of singularity. These are generally obvious in the on going contentions of Nurse Ratched and Randal McMurphy. The whole book is described by a half indian patient of ten years, that professes to be hard of hearing and quiet so as not to cause to notice himself. He, alongside numerous others, is viewed as an interminable, a patient who has no expectation for recuperating, while some others are viewed as acutes, patients who have trust in recuperation. The substantial connection to the sixties in this book is clear to me in that each character speaks to a specific part of the sixties populace. The hipsters, oppressors, and the individuals who stood apart from the group to have any kind of effect. The hipsters are best show through the characters of the patients that are viewed as ceaseless. I think this in light of the fact that, right me in case I'm off-base, yet individuals may have considered the to be as individuals who were too high to even think about doing anything and there was no desire at all for any of them later on. Characters, for example, the lifeguard, Martini, Colonel Matterson (who continues discussing past war encounters day and night), Ruckly, Sandy Gilfilliam, and Candy Star (the two whores). The Oppressors are best spoken to by Warren, Washington, Williams, and Geever; who were totally recruited due to their cold-bloodedness. Medical attendant Ratched is presumably the most impressive case of this class. She is a previous Army Nurse who accepts that preeminent force is the main force and hence she controls her ward with an iron clench hand. Ultimately the individuals who attempt to have any kind of effect are best appeared through the character of Randal McMurphy. He was moved to the Mental Institution since he claimed to be insane at a work ranch cause he figured it would be simpler at the asylum. He is the perfect rascal who can get anybody to tail him. He first begins by empowering the betting for more than matches, which is contrary to Ratched's standards, lastly winds up empowering insubordination, at its most significant level, against the Ward staff. Over this book was a great book. The book all in all is an exceptionally strange book and it required some investment to get past it because of re-perusing to ensure I got it all the first run through around. Despite the fact that it isn't for everyone I would prescribe individuals to understand it. Book Reports

Impact of Social Media on Privacy - 1100 Words

Impact of Social Media on Privacy (Essay Sample) Content: Impact of Social Media on Privacy Student's Name Institution Introduction By thriving on inherent human need for communication and socialisation, Social Networking sites (SNSs), have seen an explosion in popularity unparalleled to any web application in history, to develop into a human culture and how society interacts in today's world. Hence, SNSs have become a platform not just for general population, but also for governments, famous personalities to connect and expression opinions on anything that one might be of interest to them. With user base over 600 billion, Facebook has emerged to be the most widely used SNS ever (Cha, 2010). Huge user base has created host of data and information pertaining to every individual registered with Facebook and many other online SNSs. For example, personal information like contact details, age, location, academic qualification are some key information which every user shares it with large degree of openness. Unfortunately, such personal information have become the target for data broker companies and other third party operators. Without careful considering, by an overwhelmingly large section of users, with regard to privacy of their information is the main reason responsible for a large pool of sensitive data that then gets compromised in one way or the other by SNSs for monetary motive. Fluctuations of privacy policy of SNSs to suit their interest has generated massive rage, especially among the older segments of the population (Taddicken, 2014). Because of SNSs, like Facebook, large user base, and large amount of personal information, they have been exploited by SNSs themselves for financial gain attempting to compromise the preconceived norms of data protection guaranteed by all the SNSs. SNSs entice people to register with them. Importantly, disclosing private information is necessary to network on such websites. Hence, understandably, such negligent behaviour by the SNSs has generated massive controversy and wide ranging debate over the suitability of such forums as a means of engaging in both a public and private way. Hence, it would not be wrong to assert that personal privacy related to information used to register in SNSs has suffered as a result of it (Sattikar Kulkarni, 2011). Positive Aspects of Social Networking There are a number of unique advantages associated with SNSs. As a convenient stage of expressing oneself, it provides a sense of independence, and easily incites any literate individual to be part of it. Further, people can easily vent their anger on an issue that might not be possible on a personal level. Further, SNSs is an increasing need of today's fast paced life, which makes keeping in touch with friends other very difficult. Therefore, by being on the friend's list, an individual can keep knowing about the person which will be difficult otherwise. However, since information provided can be viewed by everyone, so, such a prospect inevitably leads to doubts over privacy concerns over things shared openly (Cha, 2010). Mark Zuckerberg admission in 2010 that since individuals are now more comfortable with public display of their personal data continues to generate massive controversy. By compromising the privacy setting of its user base, such a follow up was needed to defend company's action. Found to be selling user's information to advertisers and other third parties just reveals how grave the situation is for users. Therefore, it is essential to take all steps forward to maintain the sanctity of users' data (Taddicken, 2014). Social Networking Sites: A threat to Personal Privacy Point 1 of the Claim Sustaining of personal integrity with reference to any issues or matter without being inhibited by external forces, including individual and organizations, refers to privacy. Community Websites are the most susceptible because of high prevalence of sharing of contact and other private information. Therefore, therefore, increases the susceptibility of such platforms and raises severe serious doubts as benign nature of individuals registered in the community (Das Sahoo, 2012). A 2010 research by Max Plank Institute disclosed that algorithm created for analysing the personal traits of the person based on information that are most often left public, for instance, number of friends, educational attainment, hometown, etc. was operative enough to be applicable by data broker companies (Taddicken, 2014). Opportunistic behaviour may include a range of actions taken by others who use or misuse an individual's personal information, for example, identity theft, social engineering to extract one's financial information, and spam (Sattikar Kulkarni, 2011). With the proliferation of internet, we believe an important factor that contributes to shaping the individual's internet privacy is his or her level of internet literacy. Lack of systematic research on how various social attributes contributes to lack of faith in sharing private information is a concern. But, there is a growing evidence that suggests that the concern of users to manage the secrecy of their information has definitely increased over time (Chewae, Hayikader, Hasan Ibrahim, 2015). Point 2 of the Claim Facebook's profile usage replicates behaviour similar to tribal population, wherein the user's identity status depends exclusively on the quantity and quality of friends on one's friend's list (Utz, Kramer, 2009). The personal information of the user determines how the user will use his identity to interact with individuals. Research conducted by Amanda and Mary reinforce social norms and attitude that accompanies gender difference. For females, SNSs is tool that rejuvenates their previous relationships. On the other hand, boys have been found to notorious with SNSs and try to indulge in activities not appropriate, for instance, flirting with females and harassment of other individuals, etc. (Utz, Kramer, 2009). Therefore, discreditable elements might use it as a platform to tarnish other's image. Therefore, personal privacy, if it gets into the hands of unwanted individuals could have serious repercussions. A recent survey in the year 2013 conducted by Pew reveals that apprehension over the confidentiality of personal information has gone up to 50% as against 30% in the year 2009 (Blank, Bolsover, Dubois, 2014). Point 3 of the Claim Ironically, the behaviour patterns of users of SNSs do seem to corroborate their apprehension of privacy with respect to their information. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Privacy Paradox,' as this is called possibly emanates from lack of understanding and/or awareness on how to protect their secluded material. The blatant revealing of personal data by younger generation and, at the same time, the constant struggle of older generation to safeguard of the sanctity of personal data have led to an emergence of privacy paradox between them. This apparent non convergence of views can rightly be labelled as generational split (Molluzo, Lawler Doshi, 2012). Extensive rage over U.S. National Security Administration's admission of collecting data and other details of its citizens through their use of SNSs has generated debated on the media with activists arguing that citizen's personal information cannot be misuse...

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Essay on The Use of Steroids in Major League Baseball

The Use of Steroids in Major League Baseball He walked into his hotel bathroom and cautiously closed the door. Clanging his 60 lb. dumbbell against the floor, he set his travel bag full of needles on the counter. While filling his syringe with THG, he began to think about the consequences of his actions; it is a serious problem, but he doesnt have the willpower to give up the success rewarded from it. As the needle slowly penetrated through the skin and half way through his muscle, he unloaded the syringe and felt the steroids settle throughout his leg. He took a deep breath as he removed the needle, letting the last bit of steroids squirt out of the syringe. Mentally blocking the pain, he began curling his dumbbell to pump the†¦show more content†¦When the steroid scandal heightened and the talk of drug testing began, it is apparent that Giambi got scared and stopped his steroid problem. When Giambi reported to spring training this year, he came in with a sunken in face and weighed 20 pounds less, which is an occurren ce that happens when an athlete discontinues his steroid cycle. Steroids are becoming a huge problem in Major League Baseball. Records in the past, such as the single season home run record, were set by people who were truly amazing athletes and achieved their record from hard work and dedication. From 1966 through 1994, two players hit at least 50 or more home runs. Since 1995, 18 players have reached 50. Roger Maris single-season record of 61 home runs stood for 27 years and has been surpassed six times since 1998. Morals in baseball have been lost; whatever happened to achieving greatness with the talents God had given them? Now players are chemically making themselves stronger so that they can make record books, and they are ruining their bodies as well as the competition to do it. Players now have to start juicin up just to contend with the competition. The NBA, NFL, NCAA, and Olympics all ban steroids, and it is coming to the day where baseball needs too as well (Caminiti). Well, what are steroids? Where did they come from? And how do they make someone so muchShow MoreRelatedThe Illegal Steroid Use in The Major League Baseball1355 Words   |  6 Pagestake a look and study the illegal steroid use in Major League Baseball, and possible ways it can be exempt from the game forever. Use of performance enhancing drugs is cheating and causes inequalities, in which new repercussions should be implemented. These new rules should include a zero tolerance level, records stripped and not being rewarded of their accomplishments; which is to include banishment from an admittance into the Hall of Fame. Furthermore, it causes major health concerns and could endRead More Steroid Use in Major League Baseball Essay1272 Words   |  6 PagesSteroid Use in Major League Baseball Why Major League Baseball players would use steroids is the biggest question that every person in the world wants to know. I think MLB players use steroids so they can bulk up and get stronger, which will allow them to last through the long, seven-month season. I think that because they play 162 games a year during these seven months that this causes a great deal of wear and tear on their bodies. Especially if a player gets hurt, they might try to takeRead More Steroid Use in Major League Baseball Essay example1596 Words   |  7 PagesSteroid Use in Major League Baseball Steroids are unhealthy for baseball players and they are giving the game of baseball a bad reputation. Since steroids have become such a hot topic in Major League Baseball (MLB) fans have had nothing but bad things to say about the sport and its players. When sports illustrated asked some of its readers to give reaction to the steroid controversy in the MLB here is what baseball fan Howard Langsner from New York had to say Horrible, just horrible. We takeRead MoreSpeech On Steroids And Major League Baseball1638 Words   |  7 Pagesin Major League history. However, this record is controversial, due to steroid use. B. Thesis: Today I am going to persuade you all about the use of steroids in Major League Baseball, persuading you why steroids should not be allowed in Major League Baseball. I have a call to action for all of you to help others if they are considering using steroids, and next time you watch a MLB game to realize the impact of steroids. C. Credibility: Gave my informative speech on Steroids in Major League BaseballRead MoreSteroids Abuse in Baseball1746 Words   |  7 PagesSteroid Abuse Hurts Baseball The abuse of steroids among players in Major League Baseball is corrupting the image of Americas Pastime as well as endangering the health of those who use the illegal substances. The lack of testing and punishment for the use of illegal substances like steroids in the Major Leagues portrays a negative image to aspiring young athletes. They see their role models using steroids and becoming better athletes rather than seeing suspensions for the illegal behavior orRead More Steroid Abuse Hurts Baseball Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesSteroid Abuse Hurts Baseball   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The abuse of steroids among players in Major League Baseball is corrupting the image of America?s Pastime as well as endangering the health of those who use the illegal substances. The lack of testing and punishment for the use of illegal substances like steroids in the Major Leagues portrays a negative image to aspiring young athletes. They see their role models using steroids and becoming better athletes rather than seeing suspensions for the illegal behaviorRead MoreSteroids : Steroids And Steroids1162 Words   |  5 Pagessomething about Baseball that is just astonishing. Most people in the world have grown up baseball in their life, and families share the love for the sport throughout generations. However, there are also people that overlook baseball because of one thing: steroids. The Steroid Era has caused a lot of problems with baseball; it has hurt it so much to this current day. Since the steroid era started, there was a huge boost from the offensive si de. Everyone who had a love for baseball enjoyed the offensiveRead MoreThe Effect of Steriods in Major League Baseball Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesBaseball is known as America’s pastime and is one of the most popular, respected sports on earth. Since the beginning of the sport, it seemingly advances with technology every year making faster and stronger players. The use of steroids became rampant and spread among players and has carried them away from the true history of the game they play. Controversy still today runs around the sport today about fines, punishments and record breaking. The past two decades of Major League Baseball have beenRead MoreEssay about Media Sports: How did Baseball get Affected by Steroids?1246 Words   |  5 Pagesways. This can be seen in America’s national pastime baseball. Baseball is a sport that became the national sport in the United States in the late 19th century. From the beginning of the sport they tried to keep the highes t standards to each player and ball club. There were times of scandal, but of all the things that happen to baseball substance abuse has been portrayed as one of the worst thing a player could do. To defame the baseball was to ruin everything the sport stood for. This researchRead More A Baseball Proposal Essay1574 Words   |  7 PagesA Baseball Proposal Ever since the creation of Americas favorite pastime, baseball, cheating has been an integral part of the game. Each era of baseball has offered new and improved techniques for cheating the game of baseball. Cheating has become a common occurrence in baseball, from the 1919 Chicago Black

Use of Geographical Information Systems

Question: Describe about use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in the promotion of a more sustainable future. Answer: Introduction The aim of this paper is to critically assess and evaluate the role of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to support and promote sustainable and renewable energy resources. For this purpose, the study particularly focuses on GIS-based wind power and energy resources. Due to the significant challenges faced by humankind in the areas of high-energy consumption and supply of energy, the world is responding with various efforts to sustain energy sources for future use, and experimenting with methods to cultivate renewable energy sources (Beccali et al. 2015). People all across the world are looking for fruitful methods and ways for sustaining themselves in the use of the major energy sources such as solar, hydro, wind, biomass and geothermal energy. In addition to the high level of risk associated with energy consumption and supply, the world is also facing tremendous challenges for producing smarter, cleaner and greater conscientious techniques for producing, transmitting and distri buting energy. The role of Geographical Information Systems or GIS comes into vital play in terms of sustaining these energy sources (Calderon et al. 2015). This is because GIS has significant potential to not only improve the methods of producing and distributing energy, but it also has the ability to change the way the humankind is looking at the earths energy resources. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) GIS is a type of computer software that helps linking descriptive information with geographic information for making better decisions based about geographic locations (Bonham-Carter 2014). The capabilities of GIS enables to visualize, analyze, question and interpret information intended to represent the important patterns, relationships, and trends in a clear and concise manner. To be more precise, GIS organizes the geographical information to enable the user read a map and accordingly select the necessary information as required for a specific project. For this purpose, the GIS processes geographical information collected from a number of sources for integrating them to a map project (Dvorak et al. 2013). The basic technical concept based on which a GIS functions, is by understanding the associations between people and the geographic locations and thereby making better, more informed and intelligent decisions. Thus, GIS serves as an interactive, efficient and useful tool in the diff erent fields of knowledge, whose application ranges from performing routine works to exploring scientific complexities around the world, giving geographic advantage to be better at productivity, providing opportunities to be more aware and responsive people living in our planet earth. The benefits and uses of GIS as a tool Developing the wind energy projects essentially depends on a thorough analysis of the issues and constraints regarding land use (Aydin et al. 2013). The role of GIS involves in defining the accurate locations of the appropriate and suitable sites for wind power projects, along with performing predictions regarding their economic exploitable energy production. Customized GIS tool can effectively calculate the average estimation for AEP or Annual Energy Production using anthropological and environmental constraints. These physical factors are considered for efficiently estimating the wind technical specifications and resource distribution of the large-scale wind turbines (Lopez et al. 2012). GIS assisted methods are increasingly becoming popular for locating wind farms in the United Kingdom (UK). Employing the GIS specifically follows a methodology involving the development and specification of WFLC or Wind Farm Location Criteria, based on some constraints and factors. Using the GIS fo r implementing these WFLC involves creation of the map layers that corresponds to the individual constraint criterion (Neteler and Mitasova 2013). The GIS then operates on these map projects for storing as well as allocating weights to the different layers and attributes (with the aid of reclassification and buffer generation techniques). The following reasons have been identified for the well suitability and adequate potential of GIS systems in the process of locating wind farms: GIS is capable of managing, visualizing and analyzing the high volumes of diversified and multidisciplinary information and data that is required by the particular application. The GIS systems are able to perform and analyze the varied scenarios that are useful for evaluating the different planning policies and their effects, selecting the most suitable approach as well as finding the optimum site or location of the wind farm from the alternative potential sites (Yeo and Yee 2014). GIS is useful for the modeling impacts of the proposed sites as well as the operational sites and thereby, suggesting modifications for minimizing them. Therefore, it is significantly obvious from the points discussed above that GIS has a great potential in this specific area or field, even more as both UK (United Kingdom) and EU (European Union) has been recently experiencing significant indications regarding the increase in the demand for wind farms (Quantum 2013). The application of GIS in waterfront regeneration and offshore wind farm development projects essentially helps see the beneficial role of GIS in information integration and building coastal knowledge, governance, design and planning (Mellino and Ulgiati 2015). GIS is proved to have a major role in integrating, collecting and analyzing information for visualization and facilitating effective communication among stakeholders and decision makers. Studies have been conducted that develops a decision support tool for selection of sites or location of wind power turbines using fuzzy decision-making technique in the GIS environment. The technical stages essentially involved the initial stage to perform exclusion of infeasible sites by generating several map layer outputs that are taken from the National Atlas GIS database developed by the USGS (United States Geological Survey). To be more specific, the uses and advantages of GIS in the mapping of renewable energy project planning are significant in the employment of GIS methods and compare suitability of different locations for a project (e.g. development of wind farms or wind turbines). GIS mapping helps adding datasets to the geographic baseline map. Hence, it plays a critical role in the making of renewable energy projects (Grassi, Junghans and Raubal 2014). The datasets (includes various technological, theoretical and economical potential) of the renewable energies with respect to the individual alternative locations are routinely published by the non-governmental, governmental and commercial agencies. Using this GIS mapping policy makers can compare the spatial variables directly and effectively corresponding to the individual locations for deciding the most appropriate location for the development of renewable energy project. The working of geographical information system (GIS) examines the spatial information for solving problems using computer software and hardware (Grassi, Chokani and Abhari 2012). There are various analytical tools that can be used by geographical information system but the tool that GIS uses for finding the wind energy is Mass GIS and it is a wind energy large scale site screening tool (Mentis et al. 2015). This tool is used to check the places that can be used to set up the wind energy plant by analyzing the area and its wind speed. The main consideration is in the area of surface wind data, the coastal are wind data, the upper air data and the marine area wind data. These factors are considered and checked thoroughly before starting the project as it is mandatory to check these scales for implementing the wind energy plant (Houshyar et al. 2014). There are various tools available for the deployment of wind energy but the mass GIS is the most advanced and the most preferred tool tha t is used in various wind energy industries. It is a web based tool that checks the wind energy of a particular place by creating layers for different types of wind energies and then it checks the maximum potential wind energy of a place. The geographical information system is a platform for creating different types of software that considers the geographical aspects like latitude and longitude in creating any type of web based software for finding various types of energies on earth. The software is named as Oliver and it is available in various platforms and it can effectively help in interactively display and query about the data, download the up-to-date shapes file from the database, can overlay the data in other platforms like the Google Terrain (Minelli et al. 2014). The application Oliver provides all these features that make it outstand from all other applications. The application has various data layers that incorporate in its working. The layers are ortho imagery, scanned reference maps, elevation and Bathymetry and environmental analysis. All these constitute towards the improvement of the app as it facilitates its flexibility and helps in running the app by considering all these features (Tsoutsos et al. 2015). It is a very important application and can be accessed though website also b maintaining few system hardware and software requirements. It has features that are crucial and can be used in many positive ways in the development of wind energy that constitutes towards the betterment of the environment by maintaining its sustainability. This has contributed in a lot of way for the sustainable development of the society and helps in developing it by maintaining the environment friendly prospectus of generating energy through wind (Azizi et al. 2014). The office of the geographic information the mass GIS has created a state wise database with the help of the commonwealth for spatial information of mapping and analyzing the support of environmental planning and maintaining its transparency. The use of GIS-based approaches and geospatial methods has become significantly popular in supporting and promoting the planning process of renewable energy resources. More specifically, the mapping of renewable energy resources can efficiently perform the identification of suitable location (Siyal et al. 2015). This analysis process requires advanced data to make informative decisions. A framework, for this purpose, involves GIS that finds the optimal site purely based on static geo data. Hence, it would exclude any type of dynamic geographical spatial variables, for instance, solar radiation, wind, weather conditions. Another example can be the heat network planning that considers locations and regions that intend to diversify the potential to expand DH (district heating) networks in separate areas. The economic costs related to the production of heat, transmission and distribution are required to be estimated. In relation to this context, the crucial role of GIS comes into play in which geographical component is taken into account with the help of geospatial methods. Therefore, geographical information systems (GIS) essentially play a very critical role in the process of finding out the certain boundaries to which the particular expansions are economically feasible. Another methodology introduced by (Bonham-Carter 2014) utilizes GIS and fuzzy set theory for making multi criteria decisions in order to find optimal location of a hybrid wind solar PV (photovoltaic) renewable energy project. On a similar note, (Dvorak et al. 2013) also describes another approach based on adapting a GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis for determining the suitability of new locations that have potential to generate renewable power or energy. In addition to that, this particular approach can essentially come as useful to work at the large-scale energy projects. It divides the total area or geographical reg ion into millions of cells (specifically of 100 x 100 m cells), and thereby performs computations to measure and assess the suitability of the individual cells with respect to the new location or site of renewable power generation project (Mellino and Ulgiati 2015). However, the GIS-based processes, methods and approaches can incorporate significant drawbacks that might involve the lack of capability in considering the dynamic types of spatial and temporal aspects across the individual scales, inadequacy in the ability to integrate the major topological aspects that underpins energy networks in a proper manner. Wind Resource Assessment Model or WRAM produces wind resource map (gridded) of the specific values associated with wind energy density involving a resolution of one km2. It considers multiple geographic categories such as lake coastal areas, ocean and inland areas (Minelli et al. 2014). On the other hand, terrain categories include flat (slight inclined terrains), complex (mountainous and hilly terrains) and mixed (flat and complex terrains combined) types. Therefore, the WRAM functions based on the coastal marine area data, surface wind data and upper air data. Conclusion Geography is essential in every discipline and in every organization. The paper addresses the different approaches of GIS use in the area of development of renewable energy, most specifically wind power farms and turbines. To be more precise, the methods of modeling, planning efforts associated with these approaches are researched along with their spatial awareness. Studies have significantly suggested that it is important to consider integrating the factors of time and space into the module or component of energy system for the purpose of better and clearer understanding of the spatio-temporal dynamics. It takes into consideration the availability and demand of energy, effectiveness of traditional as well as renewable / sustainable energy resources, energy storages (including decentralized storage), load patterns and capacity of energy infrastructures, economic profitability as well as ROIs (return on investments). Therefore, it is obvious that in the recent years the role of GIS ha s tremendously became increasingly significant in wind energy programs (e.g. NREL). Tools and techniques have evolved from methods developed using professional graphic output with a fewer number of GIS functionalities. Through these areas, the geographical information systems (GIS) has demonstrated its important role and appropriate value in the field of renewable energy resources, most specifically by presenting mostly static (also dynamic) geo-spatial information that helps making better and more informed decision- making activities with respect to the development of wind energy projects. Furthermore, it can be said that GIS will essentially continue to play a fundamental and ever expanding crucial role in the wind energy projects based on its ability to assess, select and evaluate site locations. References Aydin, N.Y., Kentel, E. and Duzgun, H.S., 2013. GIS-based site selection methodology for hybrid renewable energy systems: A case study from western Turkey.Energy Conversion and Management,70, pp.90-106. Azizi, A., Malekmohammadi, B., Jafari, H.R., Nasiri, H. and Parsa, V.A., 2014. Land suitability assessment for wind power plant site selection using ANP-DEMATEL in a GIS environment: case study of Ardabil province, Iran.Environmental monitoring and assessment,186(10), pp.6695-6709. Beccali, M., Galletto, J., Noto, L. and Provenza, R., 2015, November. Assessment of the technical and economic potential of offshore wind energy via a GIS application: A case study for the Sicily Region according to Italian laws and incentive frameworks. In2015 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA)(pp. 1342-1347). IEEE. Bonham-Carter, G.F., 2014.Geographic information systems for geoscientists: modelling with GIS(Vol. 13). Elsevier. Calderon, C., James, P., Urquizo, J. and McLoughlin, A., 2015. A GIS domestic building framework to estimate energy end-use demand in UK sub-city areas.Energy and Buildings,96, pp.236-250. Dvorak, M.J., Corcoran, B.A., Ten Hoeve, J.E., McIntyre, N.G. and Jacobson, M.Z., 2013. US East Coast offshore wind energy resources and their relationship to peakà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ time electricity demand.Wind Energy,16(7), pp.977-997. Grassi, S., Chokani, N. and Abhari, R.S., 2012. Large scale technical and economical assessment of wind energy potential with a GIS tool: Case study Iowa.Energy Policy,45, pp.73-85. Grassi, S., Junghans, S. and Raubal, M., 2014. Assessment of the wake effect on the energy production of onshore wind farms using GIS.Applied Energy,136, pp.827-837. Houshyar, E., SheikhDavoodi, M.J., Almassi, M., Bahrami, H., Azadi, H., Omidi, M., Sayyad, G. and Witlox, F., 2014. Silage corn production in conventional and conservation tillage systems. Part I: sustainability analysis using combination of GIS/AHP and multi-fuzzy modeling.Ecological Indicators,39, pp.102-114. Lopez, A., Roberts, B., Heimiller, D., Blair, N. and Porro, G., 2012.US renewable energy technical potentials: A GIS-based analysis. NREL. Mellino, S. and Ulgiati, S., 2015. Mapping the evolution of impervious surfaces to investigate landscape metabolism: An EmergyGIS monitoring application.Ecological Informatics,26, pp.50-59. Mentis, D., Hermann, S., Howells, M., Welsch, M. and Siyal, S.H., 2015. Assessing the technical wind energy potential in Africa a GIS-based approach.Renewable Energy,83, pp.110-125. Minelli, A., Marchesini, I., Taylor, F.E., De Rosa, P., Casagrande, L. and Cenci, M., 2014. An open source GIS tool to quantify the visual impact of wind turbines and photovoltaic panels.Environmental Impact Assessment Review,49, pp.70-78. Neteler, M. and Mitasova, H., 2013.Open source GIS: a GRASS GIS approach(Vol. 689). Springer Science Business Media. Quantum, G.I.S., 2013. Development Team, 2012. Quantum GIS geographic information system. Open source geospatial foundation project.Free Software Foundation, India. Siyal, S.H., Mortberg, U., Mentis, D., Welsch, M., Babelon, I. and Howells, M., 2015. Wind energy assessment considering geographic and environmental restrictions in Sweden: A GIS-based approach.Energy,83, pp.447-461. Tsoutsos, T., Tsitoura, I., Kokologos, D. and Kalaitzakis, K., 2015. Sustainable siting process in large wind farms case study in Crete.Renewable Energy,75, pp.474-480. Yeo, I.A. and Yee, J.J., 2014. A proposal for a site location planning model of environmentally friendly urban energy supply plants using an environment and energy geographical information system (E-GIS) database (DB) and an artificial neural network (ANN).Applied Energy,119, pp.99-117.

Meredith Kirkland Essays - Religion, Book Of Exodus, Theology

Meredith Kirkland 4-9-99 The concept of God, or any god, is one that has definite boundaries. There are many questions that arise concerning the nature of God, or even whether or not there really is one. The most common god in today's society is God, the Supreme Being worshipped by Muslims as Allah, by Jews as Yahweh, and by popular Christianity simply as God. Generally, He is thought to be in the image of humans, and in most cases of worshipping this particular deity, He is omnipotent, omniscient, and omnipresent. These beliefs, although they may be canon, are not the beliefs of every person that follows this god. There are many different ways to see and worship Him whom we will refer to simply as God. There are varied points of view on God expressed in Gloria Naylor's Mama Day, the book of Exodus in the Hebrew Bible, and St. Augustine's Confessions. Through these works, one may see several viewpoints on the same deity, prompting the question, Who is God? There is no definite answer to this query. Instead, as we will see, there are many definitions and assumptions that describe God, giving us a complicated and sometimes contradicting view of God. In Mama Day, a novel detailing the lives of a closely-knit family on the island of Willow Springs, we can see God through the eyes of Mama Day, one of the main characters. Mama Day, whose real name is Miranda, views God as a passive deity. She does not feel that God intervenes with humans as punishment or rewards humans for things that they do. This conviction is clear in the story when a hurricane is coming and Miranda's sister, Abigail, feels that she has done something to make God send a hurricane. To this Miranda responds, Abigail, stop your foolishness. All God got in mind is to send you a hurricane? It ain't got nothing to do with us, we just bystanders on this earth. Sometimes I think we was only a second thought-and a poor second thought at that (228). Even though Miranda and Abigail are sisters and were probably raised similarly, they view God in two very different ways. While Miranda's philosophy on God's lack of intervention holds strong, she does believe God to be all-powerful. This is evident when she states, The past was gone, just as gone as it could be. And only God could change the future (138). Although Miranda does not think that what people are doing on Earth will affect what God does, she does believe that in the end God will hold each person accountable for what he or she has done. This can be seen on the Island of Willow Springs where Miranda's thoughts are, That'll be her defense at Judgement: Lord, I called out three times. Miranda thinks this after she knocks on Ruby's house three times before setting her house up to get struck by lightning. This is a prime example of her theology. By preparing the house for lightning, she is controlling where the lightning goes, a feat that some people, such as her sister, would attribute to God. Had Augustine, the author of Confessions, been there he would have likely believed that God caused the lightening. Augustine, in contrast to Miranda, believed that God had a purpose in mind for everything that happens on Earth. This is apparent when Augustine proclaims, It was, then by your guidance that I was persuaded to go to Rome and teach there the subjects which I taught at Carthage (Book V, Chapter 8). Augustine goes on to state his belief that God has sent him to Rome to convert him to Christianity. This is indicative of Augustine's belief that everything that happens on Earth is God's will. This is directly contradictory to Miranda's view that is that God does not intervene with people while they are still on Earth. Augustine also depicts God as being merciful. This is clear when he refers to God as God of mercy (Book V, Chapter 9) and again when he proclaims, God, let me acknowledge your mercy from the deepest depths of my soul (Book VII, Chapter 6). Augustine sees God as h aving a purpose for everyone on Earth

buy custom Ambulatory Services essay

buy custom Ambulatory Services essay WilliamBeeRirieHospital is located on Ely in the county of White Pine, Nevada. The hospital has total bed capacity of 25. It has 10 physicians and more than 100 support staff including nurses, dieticians, respiratory therapist, and subordinate staff. The hospitals services are rich and broad, they include diagnostic radiology, anatomical laboratory, blood blank, anesthesia, clinical laboratory, dental, dietary, ICU cardiac (non-Surgical), ICU medical/surgical inpatient surgical, neonatal nursery, and emergency among others (William Bee Ririe Hospital, 2011). The hospital operates by the county, and serves a medium sized population. It runs on non-profit basis with most of the acquired profits reinvested in the expansion and improvement of the hospitals services. Being a non-for-profit facility, the hospital faces a primary challenge of raising adequate capital needed for improving infrastructure, running, and maintaining technological advancement that is required in the provision of the healthcare services. The investment channels for the facility are tied since it cannot accept the private investments or sell shares to the public. There is a massive burden of bearing the cost of improving the healthcare quality level provided to the individual patients and access to care for the old aged, poor, and uninsured. The hospital has a long-term plan for attaining a high level of prevention and treatment, which is not resource intensive; this is in a line with the objective of non-profitability. Prevention and control would ensure the patients do not require the advanced treatment procedure that could be expensive. The facility has recently undergone the expansion renovations to bring the state of the art equipments to the community (WilliamBeeRirieHospital, 2011). The facility I chose is the 24 emergency services, which has a minor emergency operation room incorporated in the expansion scheme of the operating suite. The hospital emergency services require the ambulatory care services, which is a component of the emergency care. Both the community and the facility needed this renovation and expansion to give room for the installation of a modern, more efficient, and cost effective equipment including a modernized ambulatory response centre. The community could not access emergency services that came with the expansion, at a cost friendly rate. In the past, the community had to seek the same services from a distantly located hospital, and at extremely expensive treatment costs (Carson, 2012). As mentioned earlier, the hospital runs on a not-for-profit module; this means that these same services would not be affordable to the poor. The geographical terrain of the region requires highly sophisticated equipment in the area of emergency response in order to meet the patients needs. An increase in the patient base also necessitated the expansion; the previous capacity was two patients at a time, after the expansion the facility would be able to hold 10 patients at a go. The objective of the emergency care is to save a threatened life through the provision of the urgent healthcare services. The achievement of this objective has been significant, but the new equipments and the improved ambulatory services would accelerate the level of this achievement. The 2011 census estimates the population of Ely region to be about 4,041 people. The chief economic activity of the region is mining which employs 80 percent of the working population. Occupation is a significant determinant of the health hazards expected; with this occupation, efficient emergency services are vital in dealing with the work related injuries (Carson, 2012). About 13 percent of the total population is made up of persons above the age of 65 years; these people are living either alone or in the families. This is critical in determining healthcare services suitable for the elderly. The population density of the region stands at 309 per square mile (119.4/Km2). The majority of the residents are Whites occupying 89 percent of a total population. The young population (less than 18 years of Age) makes up 25 percent of the city population in this region. Buy custom Ambulatory Services essay

With Reference to Best Practice from Your Experience, Explore How Essay

With Reference to Best Practice from Your Experience, Explore How Social Networking (And Particular of Facebook and Twitter) Can Be Used For Tourism Marketing - Essay Example With an overall viewpoint, social networking can be regarded as the grouping of people. It may take place through a face to face communication, but when termed to be as online the communication takes place through social sites, i.e. the websites used for social networking such as the Facebook, Twitter, Bebo, and so on most commonly known as the Web 2.0 (Social Networking, 2010). Online social networking has somewhat the same characteristics as the face to face communication, although with a different mechanism and a higher value in the modern perspective. Evidently online social networking is gaining increasing importance in the modernisation of the business world. Organisations today, in the modern realistic world are tending more towards the inclusion of online social media in their adapted marketing strategies. It is mostly due to the fact that online social networks reward the individuals with an ease to build up relationships with other persons having a common interest in terms of preferences and perceptions. Moreover, the barriers in terms of age group, geographical dimensions, economic status and other variables also have a negative impact while opting for social networking as a marketing tool. ... To face these challenges the utilisation of social networking again proves to be beneficial for the tourism groups (Middleton & Et. Al., 2009). This paper thus focuses on two main questions, i.e. how can the social networking be used to promote a tourism company and what are the pros and cons of this process. Hence, the further discussion of the paper shall be concentrated on the features of two most used social networks, i.e. Facebook and Twitter. Facebook and Twitter as Social Media Presently there are numerous social networking sites used by different organisations to promote their business. Few of them are Twitter, Flicr, Facebook, Youtube, Google, Yahoo, Hotmail, Orkut and many others. But among them the most targeted social sites are the Facebook and the Twitter. The impact of these social networks can be evidently witnessed all around the world. Facebook This social site was created by Mark Zuckerberg, Dustin Moskocovitz and Chris Hughes in the year 2004. Initially the site wa s started to be used only by Harvard students. But after recognising the actual potential of the site it was expanded for the inclusion of high school students, business groups and other internet users by 2008. Presently the site is ranked as one of the most visited social network sites. During 2008, the company had a base of around 67 million active visitors all around the world. And in the current scenario the site has more than 500 million regular visitors. This is indeed a remarkable achievement of the site. The basic features of Facebook similar to other social sites allow the users to enter their personal information along with e-mail, phone number and

Megacities in Asia Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Megacities in Asia - Assignment Example The slum owners aspire to get better houses, healthcare, infrastructure and social cultural facilities. The citizens are concerned with the general hygiene, how tax payers’ money is being used and the crime rates. The landowners on the other hand, are concerned with the financial loss and encroachment (Ruparel 2013). The residents of Mumbai are likely to benefit from the low cost houses that will be on offer once the redevelopment is completed. They are also set to benefit from the infrastructure that Dharavi will be offering. E.g. Recreation amenities, healthcare facilities, better infrastructure, including the railway line and the roads, this will make the city to be more accessible. The redevelopment of Dharavi will reduce the crime rates as most of the slum dwellers will get employed in the new marketplaces. The quality of life in the city of Mumbai will improve after this project is finally completed. The pollution from the slum will be highly reduced and this will reduce the rate at which diseases are spread and generally lead to a better living conditions (Ruparel 2013). There also plans to build several schools that will impart knowledge to both the slum dwellers as well as the residents of

Principles Of Teaching And Learning In Teaching Math Essay Example for Free

Principles Of Teaching And Learning In Teaching Math Essay Students learn mathematics through the experiences that teachers provide. Teachers must know and understand deeply the mathematics they are teaching and understand and be committed to their students as learners of mathematics and as human beings. There is no one right way to teach. Nevertheless, much is known about effective mathematics teaching. Selecting and using suitable curricular materials, using appropriate instructional tools and techniques to support learning, and pursuing continuous self-improvement are actions good teachers take every day. The teacher is responsible for creating an intellectual environment in the classroom where serious engagement in mathematical thinking is the norm. Effective teaching requires deciding what aspects of a task to highlight, how to organize and orchestrate the work of students, what questions to ask students having varied levels of expertise, and how to support students without taking over the process of thinking for them. Effective teaching requires continuing efforts to learn and improve. Teachers need to increase their knowledge about mathematics and pedagogy, learn from their students and colleagues, and engage in professional development and self-reflection. Collaborating with otherspairing an experienced teacher with a new teacher or forming a community of teachersto observe, analyze, and discuss teaching and students thinking is a powerful, yet neglected, form of professional development. Teachers need ample opportunities to engage in this kind of continual learning. The working lives of teachers must be structured to allow and support different models of professional development that benefit them and their students. Mathematics Principles and practice What can learning in mathematics enable children and young people to achieve? Mathematics is important in our everyday life, allowing us to make sense of the world around us and to manage our lives. Using mathematics enables us to model real-life situations and make connections and informed predictions. It equips us with the skills we need to interpret and analyse information,  simplify and solve problems, assess risk and make informed decisions. Mathematics plays an important role in areas such as science or technologies, and is vital to research and development in fields such as engineering, computing science, medicine and finance. Learning mathematics gives children and young people access to the wider curriculum and the opportunity to pursue further studies and interests. Because mathematics is rich and stimulating, it engages and fascinates learners of all ages, interests and abilities. Learning mathematics develops logical reasoning, analysis, problem-solving skills, creativity and the ability to think in abstract ways. It uses a universal language of numbers and symbols which allows us to communicate ideas in a concise, unambiguous and rigorous way. To face the challenges of the 21st century, each young person needs to have confidence in using mathematical skills, and Scotland needs both specialist mathematicians and a highly numerate population. Building the Curriculum 1 Mathematics equips us with many of the skills required for life, learning and work. Understanding the part that mathematics plays in almost all aspects of life is crucial. This reinforces the need for mathematics to play an integral part in lifelong learning and be appreciated for the richness it brings. How is the mathematics framework structured? Within the mathematics framework, some statements of experiences and outcomes are also identified as statements of experiences and outcomes in numeracy. These form an important part of the mathematics education of all children and young people as they include many of the numerical and analytical skills required by each of us to function effectively and successfully in everyday life. All teachers with a responsibility for the development of mathematics will be familiar with the role of numeracy within mathematics and with the means by which numeracy is developed across the range of learning  experiences. The numeracy subset of the mathematics experiences and outcomes is also published separately; further information can be found in the numeracy principles and practice paper. The mathematics experiences and outcomes are structured within three main organisers, each of which contains a number of subdivisions: Number, money and measure Estimation and rounding Number and number processes Multiples, factors and primes Powers and roots Fractions, decimal fractions and percentages Money Time Measurement Mathematics – its impact on the world, past, present and future Patterns and relationships Expressions and equations. Shape, position and movement Properties of 2D shapes and 3D objects Angle, symmetry and transformation. Information handling Data and analysis Ideas of chance and uncertainty. The mathematics framework as a whole includes a strong emphasis on the important part mathematics has played, and will continue to play, in the advancement of society, and the relevance it has for daily life. A key feature of the mathematics framework is the development of algebraic thinking from an early stage. Research shows that the earlier algebraic thinking is introduced, the deeper the mathematical understanding will be  and the greater the confidence in using mathematics. Teachers will use the statements of experiences and outcomes in information handling to emphasise the interpretation of statistical information in the world around us and to emphasise the knowledge and skills required to take account of chance and uncertainty when making decisions. The level of achievement at the fourth level has been designed to approximate to that associated with SCQF level 4. What are the features of effective learning and teaching in mathematics? From the early stages onwards, children and young people should experience success in mathematics and develop the confidence to take risks, ask questions and explore alternative solutions without fear of being wrong. They will enjoy exploring and applying mathematical concepts to understand and solve problems, explaining their thinking and presenting their solutions to others in a variety of ways. At all stages, an emphasis on collaborative learning will encourage children to reason logically and creatively through discussion of mathematical ideas and concepts. Through their use of effective questioning and discussion, teachers will use misconceptions and wrong answers as opportunities to improve and deepen children’s understanding of mathematical concepts. The experiences and outcomes encourage learning and teaching approaches that challenge and stimulate children and young people and promote their enjoyment of mathematics. To achieve this, teachers will use a skilful mix of approaches, including:  planned active learning which provides opportunities to observe, explore, investigate, experiment, play, discuss and reflect modelling and scaffolding the development of mathematical thinking skills learning collaboratively and independently  opportunities for discussion, communication and explanation of thinking developing mental agility  using relevant contexts and experiences, familiar to young people making links across the curriculum to show how mathematical concepts are applied in a wide range of contexts, such as those provided by science and social studies using technology in appropriate and effective ways  building on the principles of Assessment is for Learning, ensuring that young people understand the purpose and relevanc e of what they are learning developing problem-solving capabilities and critical thinking skills. Mathematics is at its most powerful when the knowledge and understanding that have been developed are used to solve problems. Problem solving will be at the heart of all our learning and teaching. We should regularly encourage children and young people to explore different options: ‘what would happen if?’ is the fundamental question for teachers and learners to ask as mathematical thinking develops. How will we ensure progression within and through levels? As children and young people develop concepts within mathematics, these will need continual reinforcement and revisiting in order to maintain progression. Teachers can plan this development and progression through providing children and young people with more challenging contexts in which to use their skills. When the experience or outcome spans two levels within a line of development, this will be all the more important. One case in point would be the third level outcome on displaying information. The expectation is that young people will continue to use and refine the skills developed at second level to display charts, graphs and diagrams. The contexts should ensure progression and there are clear opportunities to use other curriculum areas when extending young people’s understanding. What are broad features of assessment in mathematics? (This section should be read alongside the advice for numeracy.) Assessment in mathematics will focus on children and young people’s abilities to work increasingly skilfully with numbers, data and mathematical concepts and processes and use them in a range of contexts. Teachers can gather evidence of progress as part of day-to-day learning about number, money and measurement, shape, position and movement and information handling. The use of specific assessment tasks will be important in assessing progress at key points of learning including transitions. From the early years through to the senior stages, children and young people will demonstrate progress in their skills in interpreting and analysing information, simplifying and solving problems, assessing risk and making informed choices. They will also show evidence of progress through their skills in collaborating and working independently as they observe, explore, experiment with and investigate mathematical problems. Approaches to assessment should identify the extent to which children and young people can apply their skills in their learning, in their daily lives and in preparing for the world of work. Progress will be seen as children and young people demonstrate their competence and confidence in applying mathematical concepts and skills. For example: Do they relish the challenge of number puzzles, patterns and relationships? Can they explain increasingly more abstract ideas of algebraic thinking? Can they successfully carry out mathematical processes and use their developing range of skills and attributes as set out in the experiences and outcomes? As they apply these to problems, can they draw on skills and concepts learned previously? As they tackle problems in unfamiliar contexts, can they confidently identify which skills and concepts are relevant to the problem? Can they then apply their skills accurately and then evaluate their solutions? Can they explain their thinking and demonstrate their understanding of 2D shapes and 3D objects? Can they evaluate data to make informed decisions? Are they developing the capacity to engage with and complete tasks and  assignments? Assessment should also link with other areas of the curriculum, within and outside the classroom, offering children and young people opportunities to develop and demonstrate their understanding of mathematics through social studies, technologies and science, and cultural and enterprise activities. How can I make connections within and beyond mathematics? Within mathematics there are rich opportunities for links among different concepts: a ready example is provided by investigations into area and perimeter which can involve estimation, patterns and relationships and a variety of numbers. When children and young people investigate number processes, there will be regular opportunities to develop mental strategies and mental agility. Teachers will make use of opportunities to develop algebraic thinking and introduce symbols, such as those opportunities afforded at early stages when reinforcing number bonds or later when investigating the sum of the angles in a triangle. There are many opportunities to develop mathematical concepts in all other areas of the curriculum. Patterns and symmetry are fundamental to art and music; time, money and measure regularly occur in modern languages, home economics, design technology and various aspects of health and wellbeing; graphs and charts are regularly used in science and social studies; scale and proportion can be developed within social studies; formulae are used in areas including health and wellbeing, technologies and sciences; while shape, position and movement can be developed in all areas of the curriculum. The Teaching Principle Effective mathematics teaching requires understanding what students know and need to learn and then challenging and supporting them to learn it well. Students learn mathematics through the experiences that teachers provide. Thus, students understanding of mathematics, their ability to  » use it to solve problems, and their confidence in, and disposition toward, mathematics are all shaped by the teaching they encounter in school. The improvement of  mathematics education for all students requires effective mathematics teaching in all classrooms. Teaching mathematics well is a complex endeavor, and there are no easy recipes for helping all students learn or for helping all teachers become effective. Nevertheless, much is known about effective mathematics teaching, and this knowledge should guide professional judgment and activity. To be effective, teachers must know and understand deeply the mathematics they are teaching and be able to draw on that knowledge with flexibility in the ir teaching tasks. They need to understand and be committed to their students as learners of mathematics and as human beings and be skillful in choosing from and using a variety of pedagogical and assessment strategies (National Commission on Teaching and Americas Future 1996). In addition, effective teaching requires reflection and continual efforts to seek improvement. Teachers must have frequent and ample opportunities and resources to enhance and refresh their knowledge. Effective teaching requires knowing and understanding mathematics, students as learners, and pedagogical strategies. Teachers need several different kinds of mathematical knowledge—knowledge about the whole domain; deep, flexible knowledge about curriculum goals and about the important ideas that are central to their grade level; knowledge about the challenges students are likely to encounter in learning these ideas; knowledge about how the ideas can be represented to teach them effectively; and knowledge about how students understanding can be assessed. This knowledge helps teachers make curricular judgments, respond to students questions, and look ahead to where concepts are leading and plan accordingly. Pedagogical knowledge, much of which is acquired and shaped through the practice of teaching, helps teachers understand how students learn mathematics, become facile with a range of different teaching techniques and instructional materials, and organize and manage the classroom. Teachers need to understand the big ideas of mathematics and be able to represent mathematics as a coherent and connected enterprise (Schifter 1999; Ma 1999). Their decisions and their actions in the classroom—all of which affect how well their students learn mathematics—should be based on this knowledge. This kind of knowledge is beyond what most teachers experience in standard preservice mathematics courses in the United States. For example, that fractions can be understood as parts of a whole, the quotient of two integers, or a number on a line is  important for mathematics teachers (Ball and Bass forthcoming). Such understanding might be characterized as profound understanding of fundamental mathematics (Ma 1999). Teachers also need to understand the different representations of an idea, the relative strengths and weaknesses of each, and how they are related to one another (Wilson, Shulman, and Richert 1987). They need to know the ideas with which students often have difficulty and ways to help bridge common misunderstandings.  » Effective mathematics teaching requires a serious commitment to the development of students understanding of mathematics. Because students learn by connecting new ideas to prior knowledge, teachers must understand what their students already know. Effective teachers know how to ask questions and plan lessons that reveal students prior knowledge; they can then design experiences and lessons that respond to, and build on, this knowledge. Teachers have different styles and strategies for helping students learn particular mathematical ideas, and there is no one right way to teach. However, effective teachers recognize that the decisions they make shape students mathematical dispositions and can create rich settings for learning. Selecting and using suitable curricular materials, using appropriate instructional tools and techniques, and engaging in reflective practice and continuous self-improvement are actions good teachers take every day. One of the complexities of mathematics teaching is that it must balance purposeful, planned classroom lessons with the ongoing decision making that inevitably occurs as teachers and students encounter unanticipated discoveries or difficulties that lead them into uncharted territory. Teaching mathematics well involves creating, enriching, maintaining, and adapting instruction to move toward mathematical goals, capture and sustain interest, and engage students in building mathematical understanding. Effective teaching requires a challenging and supportive classroom learning environment. Teachers make many choices each day about how the learning environment will be structured and what mathematics will be emphasized. These decisions determine, to a large extent, what students learn. Effective teaching conveys a belief that each student can and is expected to understand mathematics and that each will be supported in his or her efforts to accomplish this goal. Teachers establish and nurture an environment conducive to learning mathematics through the decisions they make, the conversations they orchestrate, and the  physical setting they create. Teachers actions are what encourage students to think, question, solve problems, and discuss their ideas, strategies, and solutions. The teacher is responsible for creating an intellectual environment where serious mathematical thinking is the norm. More than just a physical setting with desks, bulletin boards, and posters, the classroom en vironment communicates subtle messages about what is valued in learning and doing mathematics. Are students discussion and collaboration encouraged? Are students expected to justify their thinking? If students are to learn to make conjectures, experiment with various approaches to solving problems, construct mathematical arguments and respond to others arguments, then creating an environment that fosters these kinds of activities is essential. In effective teaching, worthwhile mathematical tasks are used to introduce important mathematical ideas and to engage and challenge students intellectually. Well-chosen tasks can pique students curiosity and draw them into mathematics. The tasks may be connected to the  » real-world experiences of students, or they may arise in contexts that are purely mathematical. Regardless of the context, worthwhile tasks should be intriguing, with a level of challenge that invites speculation and hard work. Such tasks often can be approached in more than one way, such as using an arithmetic counting approach, drawing a geometric diagram and enumerating possibilities, or using algebraic equations, which makes the tasks accessible to students with varied prior knowledge and experience. Worthwhile tasks alone are not sufficient for effective teaching. Teachers must also decide what aspects of a task to highlight, how to organize and orchestrate the work of the students, what questions to ask to challenge those with varied levels of expertise, and how to support students without taking over the process of thinking for them and thus eliminating the challenge. Opportunities to reflect on and refine instructional practice—during class and outside class, alone and with others—are crucial in the vision of school mathematics outlined in Principles and Standards. To improve their mathematics instruction, teachers must be able to analyze what they and their students are doing and consider how those actions are affecting students learning. Using a variety of strategies, teachers should monitor students capacity and inclination to analyze situations, frame and solve problems, and make sense of mathematical concepts and procedures. They  can use this information to assess their students progress and to appraise how well the mathematical tasks, student discourse, and classroom environment are interacting to foster students learning. They then use these appraisals to adapt their instruction. Reflection and analysis are often individual activities, but they can be greatly enhanced by teaming with an experienced and respected colleague, a new teacher, or a community of teachers. Collaborating with colleagues regularly to observe, analyze, and discuss teaching and students thinking or to do lesson study is a powerful, yet neglected, form of professional development in American schools (Stigler and Hiebert 1999). The work and time of teachers must be structured to allow and support professional development that will benefit them and their students.

Asian American Identity Essay -- Culture Race

Silence as Beauty, Silence as Self: The Asian American Identity The label â€Å"American† encompasses many different cultures and races. However, American society is often guilty of assuming there is only one true, certainly white, â€Å"American† face, voice, and behavior. Associate Professor of Sociology, Minako Maykovich, states that â€Å"the criteria for physical characteristics are generally determined by the dominant group in society,† thus â€Å"racial difference is the greatest obstacle to the process of assimilation† (68). In Traise Yamamoto’s nonfiction narrative, â€Å"Different Silences,† and Janice Mirikitani’s poem, â€Å"Breaking Silence,† the authors explore their Asian American identities as defined by American culture. The quest to eliminate stereotypes and expectations through visible behavior coincides with an Asian custom that â€Å"value[s] silence more highly then North Americans† (Donahue 265). Mirikitani’s poem, â€Å"Breaking Silence,† focuses on her mother’s experience testifying to the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Japanese American Civilians in 1981. Yamamoto, who is also a poet, takes a more assertive and personal stance in her autobiographical narrative, â€Å"Different Silences.† These Japanese American authors seek to reclaim their heritage by aggressively confronting their white American audience, while retaining an empowered, wise attitude that uplifts the seemingly invisible and silent Asian American community. Yamamoto’s â€Å"Different Silences† and Mirikitani’s â€Å"Breaking Silence† both recognize how Asian Americans in the past and present have used, or use, silence for protection. As Japanese Americans of the third generation, or Sanseis, Yamamoto and Mirikitani both reflect on their ethnic herita... ...icans; some are shameful silences that need to be â€Å"broken,† as Mirikitani observes, but the healthy silences are inherently part of the Asian American identity. Works Cited Donahue, Ray T. Japanese Culture and Communication: Critical Cultural Analysis. New York: University Press of American, Inc., 1998. Espiritu, Yen Le. Asian American Women and Men: Labor, Laws, and Love. London: Sage Publications, 1997. Leitner-Rudolph, Miryam. Janice Mirikitani and Her Work. Austria: Braumueller, 2001. Maykovich, Minako K. Japanese American Identity Dilemma. Tokyo: Wayside University Press: 1972. Mirikitani, Janice. â€Å"Breaking Silence.† Shedding Silence. Berkeley: Celestial Arts, 1987. 33-36. Yamamoto, Traise. â€Å"Different Silences.† Asian American Literature: A Brief Introduction and Anthology. Ed. Shawn Wong. New York: Harper Collins College Publishers, 1996. 45-50.

Goals in life Essay

It is the goal of every individual to adequately achieve his/her goals in life. It is what motivates them to strive and seek for something worthwhile. Each one uses this as a model for getting motivation and fulfillment in the things that they do. Amidst the setbacks that are in place, it is in here that they learn to appreciate what is important in life; hard work and determination. Moreover, our ability to transcend to other people and influence change can truly bring about capabilities to be adaptive and vibrant. Give this notion, I wish to present my intention to apply for a degree in Communication. Dialogue and exchange remain to be one of the instruments that shape man’s interaction among other people. It serves as an important determinant in molding and creating individuals who are both capable to adapt and conquer the challenges of professional practice. Given the complexities of today’s workplace, many students need to be formally trained to have the sufficient and necessary skills to cope in these changing times. By doing this, I can be competent and vigorous in the things I do. To supplement this, one must have the essential experience and leadership skills so that this relative facet be honed and cultivated. For my part, I believe that I have these necessary ideals to adequately address these challenges both in the educational environment and in the workplace. It is in here that I wish to point out my qualifications and traits that I believe can be vital towards my application in UC. At an early age, I was exposed into various endeavors that opened up my abilities and potential as a leader. Being immersed in these activities other than my study widened my horizons and opened new boundaries for me to explore. From my experience in Hong Kong to my community work in Santa Monica College, all these paved the way for such realization. At the same time, I was able to cultivate the service trait which I believe is an essential component of a good and adequate leader. Looking at my experiences, I had mentioned that I was not merely involved in academic undertaking. I too tried to develop my interpersonal skills by advocating numerous civic and extracurricular activities including sports. Back then, I was in the badminton school team since I was in grade 7(grade 7 to grade 11) I represent my school to entered many badminton competitions and came out with a good results. Moreover, I am proud to have been part of the â€Å"Duke of Edinburg Awards† (The DofE) and finished the Silver level. The DofE is a programme of activities that can be undertaken by anyone aged from 14 to 25, regardless of personal ability. In the end, all these endeavors contributed to what I am right now; competitive and vibrant. With your help, I can actively sustain this energy and create opportunities for me to create and respond actively to the needs of others. Prompt 2 I believe that determination and patience remains to be the defining factor in the way we do and handle things. It is in this light that we gain experience and insights that contribute to the way we do our tasks and responsibilities. Give the different struggles that we may encounter in these situations; we must continue to stand up and use these events as a way to facilitate a renewed effort to widen our horizons and learn from the process. It is with this adage that I come to combat every challenge that may come along the way. Coming from the United States as an immigrant, I too experienced difficulties in adjusting to the norms and culture. I had to cope up with the language barrier and effectively communicating with other people. However, this did not stop me from achieving what I wanted to be. Rather than giving up in the process, I developed my personal commitment to major in communication to help me bridge this gap and let other immigrants feel the same way. Though this task is never an easy one, I feel that my background and the way I was brought up by my father can give me the strength to tackle any challenge that may come along the way. Looking back, I am proud to say that my family raised me pretty well and gave the right norms and values to handle the pressures in the outside world. They gave me the opportunity to showcase my talent and skills in different ways. Each one did not hamper my growth but gave me the inspiration to focus on what I want. In addition, they imparted in me the lessons of patience and perseverance in everything. Now, I began to understand and appreciate what they gave me. As I brought these adages to practice, I became involved in numerous activities outside the academic realm. It has always been my belief that to achieve an element of satisfaction and fulfillment, one must go out of his/her comfort zone and serve other people. With this, I began to associate with individuals in different levels may it be in sports (badminton) or civic activities such as my participation in Duke of Edinburg Awards. Not only did these programs enhance my capabilities and skills as an individual, it also gave meaning in my life and purpose in everything that I do. My involvement as a vice president of my house was also a unique experience on my part. It proved vital for me to enhance my leadership and communication skills among other people. I became part of charity events and reaching out for disabled people. It motivated me because I am now seeing what I wanted to become and actively working harmoniously with other individuals. I learned useful skills which allow me to meet people and communicate with them. In all of these, I feel that the past five years of my life were a determining factor of what I wanted to be.

Spanish Verbs Followed by De and an Infinitive

One common way of connecting verbs in Spanish that has no full equivalent in English is to follow the verb with the preposition de and an infinitive. A simple example would be a sentence such as Dejaron de fumar, where a conjugated form of the verb dejar (here meaning to give up or to quit) is followed by de and the infinitive fumar (meaning to smoke). This sentence would typically be translated as They quit smoking; although the infinitive after de is translated to English as a gerund, that isnt true in all cases where a verb and de are followed by an infinitive. Note that with most of these verbs, de isnt translated as of or from but gains its meaning as part of a unit with the verb. Commonly Used Verbs Followed by De Following are some of the verbs most commonly followed by de and an infinitive, along with examples of their usage. Note that many of the verbs have to do with ending an action. acabar de (to finish, usually recently): Acabo de leer la biografà ­a de Simà ³n Bolà ­var. (I just read Simon Bolivars biography.)debo de (to have to, to be obligated to):  ¿Quà © medicamentos debo de tomar? (What medications do I have to take?)dejar de (to quit, to abandon): Mi esposa quiere dejar de trabajar para cuidar a nuestro bebà ©. (My wife wants to quit working in order to take care of our baby.)depender de (to depend on): El futuro de nuestra sociedad depende de ganar la lucha al crimen organizado. (The future of our society depends on winning the fight against organized crime.)disuadir de (to dissuade from): La disuadà ­ de ir sola. (I talked her out of going alone.)haber de (should): Todos hemos de aprender a abrazar a los necesitados. (All of us should learn to embrace the needy.)parar de (to stop): Los aficionados no pararon de gritar durante todo el partido. (The fans didnt stop shouting for the entire game.)pensar de (to think about): Pienso de salir entre la 2 y 3 por la tarde. (Im thinking about leaving between 2 and 3 p.m.)terminar de (to quit, to stop): He terminado de creer en la humanidad. (I have quit believing in humanity.)tratar de (to try to): Trata de ser feliz con lo que tienes. (Try to be happy with what you have.) Reflexive Verbs Followed by De Many of the reflexive verbs followed by de and an infinitive involve mental processes and/or actions based on emotions: acordarse de (to remember): No me acuerdo de ver a nadie sacando fotos. (I dont remember seeing anyone taking pictures.)alegrarse de (to be happy to): Se alegra de haber realizado el cambio y afirma que eso era la carrera que estaba buscando. (He is happy to have made the change and says that was the career he was looking for.)arrepentirse de (to regret, to repent of): Mi hija se arrepintià ³ de subir el video de su novio a YouTube. (My daughter regretted uploading the video of her boyfriend to YouTube.)cansarse de (to tire of): Nunca me canso de verte. (I never get tired of seeing you.)jactarse de (to boast about): El presidente se jactà ³ de que la economà ­a estaba estableciendo rà ©cords. (The president bragged that the economy was setting records.)olvidarse de (to forget): Me olvidà © de comprar leche. (I forgot to buy milk.)preocuparse de (to worry about): Como no me he preocupado de nacer, no me preocupo de morir. (cita de Federico Garcà ­a Lorca) (Just as I havent worri ed about being born, I dont worry about dying. (quote from Federico Garcà ­a Lorca))quejarse de (to complain about): Muchas personas se quejan de trabajar mucho, pero yo les digo que demos gracias a Dios de tener un trabajo. (Many people complain about working a lot, but I tell them lets give thanks to God for having a job.) Key Takeaways Some Spanish verbs are typically followed by de and an infinitive. The combination of the verb and de can be thought of as having a meaning in itself, so that the de usually isnt translated as of or from.Many of the verb de combinations involve the ceasing of action.Many of the reflexive verb de combinations involve mental actions.